Câu 22. Chứng minh các đẳng thức sau

a) cos ⁴ α –sin ⁴ α  = 2cos ² α  - 1

b) \(1 - {\cot ^4}\alpha  = {2 \over {{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} - {1 \over {{{\sin }^4}\alpha }}\,\,\,(\sin \alpha  \ne 0)\)

c) \({{1 + {{\sin }^2}\alpha } \over {1 - {{\sin }^2}\alpha }} = 1 + 2{\tan ^2}\alpha \,\,\,(\sin \alpha  \ne  \pm 1)\)

Đáp án

a) Ta có:

cos ⁴ α –sin ⁴ α  = (cos ² α + sin ² α)(cos ² α – sin ² α)

= cos ² α – sin ² α = cos ² α – (1 – cos ² α) = 2cos ² α – 1

b) Ta có:

\(\eqalign{
& 1 - {\cot ^4}\alpha  \cr
& = {1 \over {{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}(1 - {{{{\cos }^2}\alpha } \over {{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}) \cr&= {1 \over {{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{\rm{[}}{{{{\sin }^2}\alpha - (1 - {{\sin }^2}\alpha )} \over {{{\sin }^2}\alpha }}{\rm{]}} \cr
& = {{2{{\sin }^2}\alpha - 1} \over {{{\sin }^4}\alpha }} = {2 \over {{{\sin }^2}\alpha }} - {1 \over {{{\sin }^4}\alpha }} \cr} \)

c) Ta có:

\(\eqalign{
& {{1 + {{\sin }^2}\alpha } \over {1 - {{\sin }^2}\alpha }} =  {{1 + {{\sin }^2}\alpha } \over {{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} ={1 \over {{{\cos }^2}\alpha }} + {\tan ^2}\alpha \cr
& = 1 + 2{\tan ^2}\alpha \cr} \)